What Are the Causes and Effects of Power Problems?
Healthy Electricity
A typical sine wave form
Noise and Transients
High frequency impulses on sine wave
•Cause — radio frequency on utility line
•Effects — damage to logic circuitry and data files
Spikes
Extremely high voltage strikes to utility line
•Cause — lightning,utility load switching
•Effects — actual hardware damage,file corruption
Fluctuation:Sags and Surges (Spikes lasting longer than one cycle)
Over and under voltage conditions
•Cause — sudden startups of large loads, large load switching
•Effects — slows disk drives intolerably, causing data errors;actual hardware damage
Brownouts, Extended Sags
Periods of low voltage on utility lines
•Cause — voltage reduction by overburdened utilities, damage to electrical lines and
other factors
•Effects — causes intolerable voltage levels for circuitry and drive performance,
damaging hardware or causing data errors
Harmonic Distortion
Distortions in the current and voltage sine wave sent back by variable speed motor equipment
•Cause — computers,fax equipment, copiers
•Effects — actual hardware damage,interrupted communications
Blackouts Total Power Failures
•Cause — violent weather, overburdened power grids,car accidents that bring down
power lines, earthquakes,etc.
•Effects — hardware damage and data loss
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Questions & Answers
Time
Voltage
Time
Voltage
Spikes
“Noise”
Time
Voltage
Normal
Voltage
Over
Voltage
(“Surge”)
Under Voltage
(“Sag” or “Brownout”)
Voltage
Time
Affects
Mainframe CPU
Affects
Personal Computers
Healthy Electricity (sine wave)
Noise, Transients, and Spikes
Fluctuation: Sags and Surges
Brownouts, Extended Sags
Harmonic Distortion
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